emotion and affection

 

Here’s a clear comparison between emotion and affection, since they’re related but not the same:

1. Emotion

Emotion is a broad psychological state that involves feelings, thoughts, and physiological responses.

• Can be positive or negative
• Often temporary and can change quickly
• Can arise spontaneously due to internal or external stimuli
• Examples:
  happiness, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, jealousy

➡️ Emotion answers: “What am I feeling right now?”

2. Affection

Affection is a specific type of positive emotional bond toward someone or something.

• Generally stable and enduring
• Involves care, fondness, warmth, and attachment
• Often expressed through behavior (attention, touch, kindness)
• Examples:
  love, fondness, tenderness, attachment

➡️ Affection answers: “How do I feel about you over time?”

Key Differences at a Glance

Aspect	Emotion	Affection
Scope	Broad	Narrow (specific type)
Duration	Short-term or long-term	Usually long-term
Valence	Positive or negative	Mostly positive
Stability	Fluctuates	Relatively stable
Focus	Internal state	Relational bond

Simple Analogy

• Emotion is like the weather (changes daily 🌦️)
• Affection is like the climate (long-term pattern 🌤️)

Self-Determination Theory (Teori Determinasi Diri)

 

SDT biasanya merujuk pada Self-Determination Theory (Teori Determinasi Diri) dalam psikologi dan pendidikan.

Ringkasannya:
SDT menjelaskan apa yang memotivasi manusia dan bagaimana motivasi tersebut memengaruhi belajar, kinerja, dan kesejahteraan.

Tiga Kebutuhan Psikologis Dasar (inti SDT)

1. Autonomy (Otonomi)
   Merasa memiliki pilihan dan kendali atas tindakan sendiri.

2. Competence (Kompetensi)
   Merasa mampu, efektif, dan berkembang.

3. Relatedness (Keterhubungan)
   Merasa diterima, dihargai, dan terhubung dengan orang lain.

Jika ketiga kebutuhan ini terpenuhi → motivasi intrinsik meningkat.

Jenis Motivasi menurut SDT

• Intrinsic motivation: belajar karena minat dan kesenangan.

• Extrinsic motivation: belajar karena faktor luar (nilai, hadiah, tekanan), dengan beberapa tingkat internalisasi.

• Amotivation: tidak ada motivasi.

Contoh dalam pendidikan

• Guru memberi pilihan tugas → mendukung otonomi

• Umpan balik yang membangun → meningkatkan kompetensi

• Lingkungan kelas yang suportif → memperkuat keterhubungan

subjective assessment and objective assessment

 

Here’s a clear comparison between subjective assessment and objective assessment, especially relevant in education (including teacher education and learning evaluation):

1. Subjective Assessment

Definition:
An assessment based on personal judgment, interpretation, or opinion of the assessor.

Key Characteristics:

• Influenced by the evaluator’s perspective
• May vary between assessors
• Focuses on qualitative aspects

Examples:

• Essay grading
• Oral presentations
• Interviews
• Reflective journals
• Classroom participation
• Peer or self-assessment

Advantages:

• Captures deep understanding, creativity, and critical thinking
• Suitable for complex skills (reflection, attitudes, values)
• Flexible and context-sensitive

Limitations:

• Potential bias
• Lower reliability if criteria are unclear
• Requires well-designed rubrics to improve fairness

2. Objective Assessment

Definition:
An assessment with clear, fixed answers and minimal assessor judgment.

Key Characteristics:

• Standardized scoring
• High reliability and consistency
• Focuses on quantitative measurement

Examples:

• Multiple-choice tests
• True/false questions
• Matching items
• Standardized exams
• Automated quizzes

Advantages:

• Fair and consistent scoring
• Efficient for large groups
• Easy to analyze statistically

Limitations:

• Limited in measuring higher-order thinking
• Less effective for creativity and complex reasoning
• May encourage rote memorization

3. Key Differences at a Glance

Aspect	Subjective Assessment	Objective Assessment
Basis	Personal judgment	Fixed, correct answers
Scoring	Interpretive	Standardized
Bias	Higher risk	Minimal
Reliability	Moderate	High
Skills Measured	Critical thinking, reflection, attitudes	Knowledge recall, basic understanding
Example Tool	Rubrics, portfolios	MCQs, standardized tests

4. Best Practice in Education

In 21st-century and AI-era education, especially for future elementary school teachers, combining both is recommended:

• Objective → assess foundational knowledge
• Subjective → assess professional judgment, creativity, ethics, and reflective practice

Using clear rubrics, AI-assisted scoring, and multiple assessors can reduce bias in subjective assessments while keeping their richness.

12 jan 26 senen

 

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