Here’s a table summarizing Confucius’ teachings in 13 points:
No. | Teaching Concept | Meaning / Explanation |
1 | Ren (仁) | Humaneness or benevolence; showing kindness and compassion to others |
2 | Li (礼) | Ritual, etiquette, and propriety; observing proper social norms |
3 | Yi (义) | Righteousness; acting morally and ethically |
4 | Zhi (智) | Wisdom; using knowledge and discernment to make right decisions |
5 | Xin (信) | Integrity and trustworthiness; being honest and reliable |
6 | Xiao (孝) | Filial piety; respecting and caring for parents and elders |
7 | Shu (恕) | Reciprocity; treating others as you wish to be treated |
8 | Junzi (君子) | Noble person; cultivating moral character and setting a good example |
9 | Education & Self-Cultivation | Continuous learning, reflection, and personal growth |
10 | Harmony in Society | Maintaining balance in relationships and social order |
11 | Role Ethics | Fulfilling responsibilities according to one’s social roles |
12 | Moderation & Balance | Avoiding extremes; living a measured and thoughtful life |
13 | Leadership by Virtue | Governing through moral example rather than force |
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