Frayer Model

 

! Here’s a Frayer Model list of 30 key English terms for PGSD (Elementary School Teacher Education) students. I’ve structured it in a way that’s ready to use for teaching or studying:

1. Vocabulary

• Definition: Set of words known and used in a language.
• Characteristics: Words, phrases, context-based, subject-specific.
• Examples: Teacher, school, book, student
• Non-Examples: Random symbols, numbers

2. Grammar

• Definition: Rules for combining words into sentences.
• Characteristics: Tenses, sentence structure, punctuation
• Examples: “She goes to school.”
• Non-Examples: “She go school.”

3. Reading Comprehension

• Definition: Ability to understand written text
• Characteristics: Main idea, details, inference, context clues
• Examples: Summarizing a story
• Non-Examples: Reading without understanding

4. Listening Skills

• Definition: Ability to understand spoken language
• Characteristics: Attention, understanding, responding
• Examples: Following instructions, listening to stories
• Non-Examples: Ignoring speaker

5. Speaking Skills

• Definition: Ability to communicate orally effectively
• Characteristics: Pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, confidence
• Examples: Introducing yourself, asking questions
• Non-Examples: Mumbling, whispering

6. Pronunciation

• Definition: Correct way of saying words
• Characteristics: Stress, intonation, clarity
• Examples: /bʊk/ for “book”
• Non-Examples: Mispronounced words

7. Sentence

• Definition: A group of words expressing a complete thought
• Characteristics: Subject + predicate, punctuation
• Examples: “The cat sleeps.”
• Non-Examples: “Cat sleeps.” (fragment)

8. Paragraph

• Definition: A group of sentences about one main idea
• Characteristics: Topic sentence, supporting sentences, concluding sentence
• Examples: Short story paragraph
• Non-Examples: Random unrelated sentences

9. Question

• Definition: A sentence that asks for information
• Characteristics: Ends with a question mark, requires answer
• Examples: “What is your name?”
• Non-Examples: “Your name is John.” (statement)

10. Answer

• Definition: A response to a question
• Characteristics: Correct, clear, relevant
• Examples: “My name is Arie.”
• Non-Examples: Silent or off-topic response

11. Classroom Expression

• Definition: Common phrases used in teaching/learning
• Characteristics: Polite, instructional, motivational
• Examples: “Please open your books.”
• Non-Examples: Random unrelated phrases

12. Instruction

• Definition: Directions given to guide learning
• Characteristics: Clear, concise, step-by-step
• Examples: “Write your name on the paper.”
• Non-Examples: Confusing or vague statements

13. Activity

• Definition: Task or exercise for practice/learning
• Characteristics: Interactive, purposeful, structured
• Examples: Role-play, group discussion
• Non-Examples: Doing nothing, irrelevant tasks

14. Song

• Definition: Music with lyrics used in learning
• Characteristics: Melody, rhythm, educational purpose
• Examples: “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star”
• Non-Examples: Noise or random sounds

15. Story

• Definition: Narrative with a sequence of events
• Characteristics: Beginning, middle, end, characters
• Examples: Fairy tale, short story
• Non-Examples: Random sentences without plot

16. Game

• Definition: Fun activity to practice skills
• Characteristics: Rules, interaction, educational purpose
• Examples: Word bingo, spelling race
• Non-Examples: Playing without rules

17. Reading Aloud

• Definition: Speaking text out loud for learning/practice
• Characteristics: Clear, correct pronunciation, expressive
• Examples: Reading a story to class
• Non-Examples: Silent reading or mumbling

18. Writing Skills

• Definition: Ability to express ideas clearly in written form
• Characteristics: Grammar, spelling, punctuation, coherence
• Examples: Writing sentences, diary entry
• Non-Examples: Scribbles, random letters

19. Spelling

• Definition: Correct arrangement of letters in a word
• Characteristics: Accurate, consistent
• Examples: “School,” “Teacher”
• Non-Examples: “Skool,” “Techer”

20. Listening Comprehension

• Definition: Understanding spoken messages
• Characteristics: Attention, interpretation, memory
• Examples: Following teacher instructions
• Non-Examples: Ignoring or misunderstanding speaker

21. Dialogue

• Definition: Conversation between two or more people
• Characteristics: Turn-taking, context, meaning
• Examples: Student-teacher Q&A
• Non-Examples: Monologue or unrelated talking

22. Pronoun

• Definition: Word used instead of a noun
• Characteristics: He, she, it, they, we
• Examples: “She is happy.”
• Non-Examples: Using the noun repeatedly

23. Verb

• Definition: Word that shows action or state
• Characteristics: Action, linking, helping
• Examples: Run, jump, is, are
• Non-Examples: Nouns, adjectives

24. Noun

• Definition: Word that names a person, place, thing, or idea
• Characteristics: Concrete or abstract
• Examples: Teacher, school, happiness
• Non-Examples: Actions, describing words

25. Adjective

• Definition: Word that describes a noun
• Characteristics: Color, size, shape, emotion
• Examples: Happy, big, red
• Non-Examples: Nouns, verbs

26. Classroom Object

• Definition: Item used in teaching/learning
• Characteristics: Educational purpose, tangible
• Examples: Pen, board, book
• Non-Examples: Home appliance

27. Peer

• Definition: Fellow student or classmate
• Characteristics: Same age/group, collaborative
• Examples: Classmate in group activity
• Non-Examples: Teacher, parent

28. Assessment

• Definition: Method to evaluate learning
• Characteristics: Formal/informal, feedback, grading
• Examples: Quiz, oral presentation
• Non-Examples: Random observation without purpose

29. Task

• Definition: Assignment or activity for practice
• Characteristics: Clear, structured, goal-oriented
• Examples: Writing a paragraph, completing exercises
• Non-Examples: Doing nothing

30. Motivation

• Definition: Encouragement to learn or participate
• Characteristics: Positive reinforcement, support
• Examples: Praise, reward, inspiring words
• Non-Examples: Criticism, ignoring students

! I’ve converted the 30 terms for PGSD English course into a Frayer Model table format, ready for printing or classroom use. Each word has Definition, Characteristics, Examples, and Non-Examples.

Word	Definition	Characteristics	Examples	Non-Examples
Vocabulary	Set of words known and used in a language	Words, phrases, context-based, subject-specific	Teacher, school, book, student	Random symbols, numbers
Grammar	Rules for combining words into sentences	Tenses, sentence structure, punctuation	“She goes to school.”	“She go school.”
Reading Comprehension	Ability to understand written text	Main idea, details, inference, context clues	Summarizing a story	Reading without understanding
Listening Skills	Ability to understand spoken language	Attention, understanding, responding	Following instructions, listening to stories	Ignoring speaker
Speaking Skills	Ability to communicate orally effectively	Pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, confidence	Introducing yourself, asking questions	Mumbling, whispering
Pronunciation	Correct way of saying words	Stress, intonation, clarity	/bʊk/ for “book”	Mispronounced words
Sentence	Group of words expressing a complete thought	Subject + predicate, punctuation	“The cat sleeps.”	“Cat sleeps.” (fragment)
Paragraph	Group of sentences about one main idea	Topic sentence, supporting sentences, concluding sentence	Short story paragraph	Random unrelated sentences
Question	A sentence that asks for information	Ends with question mark, requires answer	“What is your name?”	“Your name is John.” (statement)
Answer	A response to a question	Correct, clear, relevant	“My name is Arie.”	Silent or off-topic response
Classroom Expression	Common phrases used in teaching/learning	Polite, instructional, motivational	“Please open your books.”	Random unrelated phrases
Instruction	Directions given to guide learning	Clear, concise, step-by-step	“Write your name on the paper.”	Confusing or vague statements
Activity	Task or exercise for practice/learning	Interactive, purposeful, structured	Role-play, group discussion	Doing nothing, irrelevant tasks
Song	Music with lyrics used in learning	Melody, rhythm, educational purpose	“Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star”	Noise or random sounds
Story	Narrative with a sequence of events	Beginning, middle, end, characters	Fairy tale, short story	Random sentences without plot
Game	Fun activity to practice skills	Rules, interaction, educational purpose	Word bingo, spelling race	Playing without rules
Reading Aloud	Speaking text out loud for learning/practice	Clear, correct pronunciation, expressive	Reading a story to class	Silent reading or mumbling
Writing Skills	Ability to express ideas clearly in written form	Grammar, spelling, punctuation, coherence	Writing sentences, diary entry	Scribbles, random letters
Spelling	Correct arrangement of letters in a word	Accurate, consistent	“School,” “Teacher”	“Skool,” “Techer”
Listening Comprehension	Understanding spoken messages	Attention, interpretation, memory	Following teacher instructions	Ignoring or misunderstanding speaker
Dialogue	Conversation between two or more people	Turn-taking, context, meaning	Student-teacher Q&A	Monologue or unrelated talking
Pronoun	Word used instead of a noun	He, she, it, they, we	“She is happy.”	Using the noun repeatedly
Verb	Word that shows action or state	Action, linking, helping	Run, jump, is, are	Nouns, adjectives
Noun	Word that names a person, place, thing, or idea	Concrete or abstract	Teacher, school, happiness	Actions, describing words
Adjective	Word that describes a noun	Color, size, shape, emotion	Happy, big, red	Nouns, verbs
Classroom Object	Item used in teaching/learning	Educational purpose, tangible	Pen, board, book	Home appliance
Peer	Fellow student or classmate	Same age/group, collaborative	Classmate in group activity	Teacher, parent
Assessment	Method to evaluate learning	Formal/informal, feedback, grading	Quiz, oral presentation	Random observation without purpose
Task	Assignment or activity for practice	Clear, structured, goal-oriented	Writing a paragraph, completing exercises	Doing nothing
Motivation	Encouragement to learn or participate	Positive reinforcement, support	Praise, reward, inspiring words	Criticism, ignoring students