greensmg: theoretical framework vs analytical framework vs instructional design

Wednesday, September 17, 2025

1. Theoretical Framework

Definition: A foundation of theories and concepts that guide your study.
Purpose: To explain why and how variables are related.
Focus: Uses existing theories (e.g., Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, Krashen’s Input Hypothesis) to ground the research.
Example in English learning research: If you study how role play improves speaking skills, your theoretical framework may include Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Constructivism.

Definition: The tools and procedures you use to analyze your data.
Purpose: To explain how you will break down, categorize, or measure your data.
Focus: More on methods of analysis, not on underlying theory.
Example in English learning research: If you collect speaking test results, your analytical framework might be: using fluency, accuracy, and pronunciation rubrics, and analyzing scores with SPSS descriptive statistics.

Definition: A systematic plan for designing, implementing, and evaluating learning activities.
Purpose: To explain how learning will be delivered to students.
Focus: Teaching and learning process, guided by models like ADDIE, Dick & Carey, or Kemp Model.
Example in English learning: Designing a lesson plan using the ADDIE model (Analyze needs, Design tasks, Develop materials, Implement role play, Evaluate outcomes).

Theoretical Framework → Why you expect relationships (grounded in theory).
Analytical Framework → How you analyze data (tools, rubrics, statistics).
Instructional Design → How you design the learning process (steps for teaching).

Aspect	Theoretical Framework	Analytical Framework	Instructional Design
Definition	The foundation of theories and concepts guiding the study	The set of tools, criteria, and methods used to analyze data	A systematic plan for designing, delivering, and evaluating instruction
Main Question	Why do you expect certain relationships?	How will you analyze your data?	How will you design and implement teaching?
Focus	Abstract ideas, models, and theories	Data categorization, coding, rubrics, statistics	Learning objectives, activities, materials, and assessment
Source	Derived from existing literature and theories	Derived from research methods and analytic techniques	Derived from instructional models (e.g., ADDIE, Dick & Carey)
Example (English learning research)	Using Krashen’s Input Hypothesis or Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) as a base for your study	Using fluency, accuracy, pronunciation rubrics, analyzed with SPSS	Designing lessons with role play activities following the ADDIE model
Output	Conceptual lens for your study	Clear procedures for analyzing results	Practical teaching plans, lesson designs, instructional materials

✨ Rule of thumb:

Theoretical framework = brain (theories guiding you).
Analytical framework = glasses (how you look at and break down data).
Instructional design = hands (how you actually teach and deliver learning).

Judul: Pengaruh penggunaan metode role play terhadap keterampilan berbicara siswa SMP.

Dasarnya dari teori dan konsep yang sudah ada:

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): bahasa dipelajari lebih baik melalui komunikasi nyata.
Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky): interaksi sosial membantu perkembangan bahasa.
Second Language Acquisition (Krashen): input yang dapat dipahami + kesempatan produksi = meningkatkan keterampilan.

👉 Jadi, teori ini menjelaskan mengapa role play bisa meningkatkan speaking (karena ada interaksi, komunikasi, dan practice).

Alat dan cara untuk menganalisis data:

Instrumen: tes berbicara, dengan rubrik (fluency, accuracy, vocabulary, pronunciation).
Teknik analisis:
- Skoring dari 1–5 tiap aspek.
- Hitung nilai rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan.
- Gunakan uji t-test (SPSS) untuk melihat perbedaan signifikan.

👉 Jadi, kerangka analitis ini menjawab bagaimana data speaking siswa dianalisis.

Rencana praktis pelaksanaan pembelajaran:

Model: ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate).
Analyze: kebutuhan siswa → speaking rendah.
Design: pilih role play sesuai tema pelajaran (misalnya “at the restaurant”).
Develop: buat naskah percakapan, lembar kerja, instruksi guru.
Implement: lakukan pembelajaran role play di kelas.
Evaluate: nilai performa siswa dengan rubrik + refleksi guru.

👉 Jadi, desain instruksional ini menjawab bagaimana role play diajarkan di kelas.

📌 Singkatnya dalam penelitian ini:

Theoretical framework: menjelaskan dasar kenapa role play efektif.
Analytical framework: menjelaskan bagaimana hasil belajar siswa dianalisis.
Instructional design: menjelaskan bagaimana role play diajarkan di kelas.