DACUM and OPM

 

• DACUM (Developing A Curriculum):

  • A structured process for job analysis that involves expert workers in identifying the duties and tasks required for a job.
  • Often used to create competency-based curricula for education and training programs.

• OPM (Occupational Profile Model):

• A framework for describing job roles and competencies.
• Helps in identifying skills, knowledge, and attributes needed for a particular occupation.

Both DACUM and OPM are methods used for job analysis and curriculum development, especially in vocational education and competency-based training.

DACUM (Developing A Curriculum)

DACUM is a systematic job analysis method that gathers input from expert workers to define the competencies required for a specific occupation. It helps in:
 Identifying job duties and tasks.
 Developing competency-based curricula.
 Designing training programs based on real industry needs.

OPM (Occupational Profile Model)

OPM is used to define job roles and required competencies for a specific occupation. It is useful for:
 Structuring occupational standards.
 Mapping skills and knowledge needed in a profession.
 Guiding curriculum and training development.

In the context of AI-era competencies for future elementary school teachers in Indonesia, DACUM and OPM could help define the essential skills teachers need, such as:
 Digital literacy
 AI-assisted teaching strategies
 Problem-solving and critical thinking skills

Accommodating students with disabilities

 

Accommodating students with disabilities is an essential aspect of creating an inclusive, equitable, and supportive learning environment. Teachers have the responsibility to ensure that all students, regardless of their abilities, have access to the curriculum and can thrive in the classroom. Here are strategies for accommodating students with disabilities:

1. Understand the Individual Needs of the Student

• Get to Know the Student: Every student with a disability has unique needs and strengths. Teachers should work closely with parents, special education staff, and the student to understand those needs.
• Review the IEP (Individualized Education Program): For students with recognized disabilities, the IEP outlines specific accommodations, modifications, and supports required for their success. Teachers should carefully review and implement the IEP goals.

2. Create an Inclusive Classroom Environment

• Physical Accessibility: Ensure the classroom is accessible to all students, with wide aisles, ramps (if needed), and seating arrangements that accommodate wheelchairs or other mobility devices.
• Inclusive Materials: Use materials that cater to different learning styles and abilities. For example, provide audio books, large print resources, or visual aids.
• Positive Classroom Culture: Foster an environment where diversity is celebrated, and all students feel valued and included. Encourage peers to be supportive and respectful of differences.

3. Differentiate Instruction

• Varied Teaching Methods: Use a range of teaching strategies to meet the needs of diverse learners. For example, visual, auditory, and kinesthetic methods can help students with different types of disabilities.
• Adjusting Pace and Complexity: Adapt the pace of lessons to suit individual students. Some students may need extra time to complete tasks, while others may need simpler or modified assignments.
• Provide Visual and Hands-On Learning: Students with disabilities may benefit from visual cues, charts, diagrams, or hands-on activities that enhance understanding.

4. Provide Clear Instructions and Expectations

• Simplify Language: Use simple, clear, and concise language when explaining tasks and instructions. For students with learning disabilities or communication challenges, breaking tasks into smaller steps can be helpful.
• Use Visual Aids: Visual schedules, color-coded instructions, and other graphic organizers can help students stay organized and understand what is expected of them.
• Check for Understanding: Frequently check in with students to ensure they understand the instructions. Use questions, prompts, or gestures to confirm comprehension.

5. Offer Flexible Assessment Methods

• Alternative Assessments: For students with disabilities, traditional assessments may not be the most effective. Offer alternative forms of assessment, such as oral presentations, projects, or demonstrations, to allow students to show their understanding in different ways.
• Extended Time: Provide extra time for students with disabilities to complete assignments or tests if necessary, based on their specific needs.
• Break Assessments into Smaller Parts: Some students may find large tasks overwhelming. Breaking assignments into smaller, manageable parts allows them to focus on one step at a time.

6. Provide Assistive Technology

• Speech-to-Text Software: For students with dyslexia or physical disabilities, speech-to-text tools like Dragon NaturallySpeaking can help them communicate more effectively.
• Reading Tools: Software like Kurzweil 3000 or Read&Write can read text aloud to students with reading disabilities, helping them follow along.
• Communication Devices: Some students may need augmentative or alternative communication (AAC) devices to help them communicate. These can range from simple communication boards to complex electronic devices.

7. Implement Behavior Management Strategies

• Positive Reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors. Praise and reward students for making progress and demonstrating effort, no matter how small the achievement may seem.
• Clear and Consistent Rules: Set clear, consistent expectations for behavior in the classroom. For students with autism or behavioral challenges, using visual reminders and structured routines can help them understand what is expected.
• Individualized Support Plans: If necessary, create behavior intervention plans (BIPs) that outline specific strategies to address challenging behaviors and provide support.

8. Collaboration with Support Staff

• Work with Special Education Teachers: Collaborate with special education staff, speech therapists, and counselors to share strategies and resources. They can help with specific accommodations and assist in planning for students with disabilities.
• Peer Support: Encourage peer support in the classroom. Sometimes, a buddy system can help students with disabilities feel more comfortable and engaged in class activities.

9. Promote Social Inclusion

• Encourage Peer Interactions: Foster an inclusive classroom where students work together on group activities, providing opportunities for students with disabilities to engage with their peers in meaningful ways.
• Build Empathy: Teach all students about accepting differences, developing empathy, and working as a team. Create activities that promote understanding and respect for students with disabilities.

10. Maintain Open Communication with Parents and Guardians

• Regular Updates: Keep parents or guardians informed about their child’s progress and any changes in the classroom or support needs.
• Collaborative Approach: Work with families to ensure that the accommodations and strategies implemented at school are also supported at home. Encourage a team approach to help students thrive.

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Key Tips for Teachers:

• Patience and Flexibility: Each student with a disability will progress at their own pace, so patience and flexibility are essential to support their journey.
• Ongoing Professional Development: Teachers should continuously seek to educate themselves on different types of disabilities, inclusive teaching strategies, and new assistive technologies.
• Celebrate Achievements: Recognize and celebrate the successes of students with disabilities, no matter how big or small. Positive reinforcement boosts confidence and motivates students to keep trying.

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By providing individualized support, ensuring accessibility, and creating an inclusive classroom environment, teachers can help students with disabilities thrive academically, socially, and emotionally.

When teachers face flirtatious behavior from students,

 

When teachers face flirtatious behavior from students, it’s important to handle the situation with professionalism, respect, and clear boundaries. Teachers play a crucial role in setting a positive example, and maintaining a respectful and appropriate student-teacher relationship is essential. Here’s how teachers can navigate these situations:

1. Establish Clear Boundaries

• Maintain Professionalism: Teachers should always keep their behavior professional and respectful, both in and outside of the classroom. This includes avoiding any flirtatious or ambiguous actions themselves.
• Set Clear Expectations: Establish clear boundaries early on. For example, let students know that personal relationships between students and teachers are never appropriate, and any behavior that crosses these lines will not be tolerated.

2. Address the Behavior Early

• Don’t Ignore the Situation: If a student begins behaving flirtatiously, address it as soon as possible. Teachers should calmly explain that their behavior is inappropriate, making sure the student understands the boundaries.
• Remain Calm and Neutral: It’s important for teachers to avoid reacting emotionally. Responding with anger or frustration can escalate the situation. Instead, stay calm and explain the importance of respectful interactions.

3. Avoid Personal Interaction Outside of School

• Limit Personal Communication: Teachers should avoid communicating with students outside of school through personal channels like social media, text messages, or phone calls. This helps avoid any situations that could lead to misunderstandings or inappropriate interactions.
• Maintain Professional Distance: It’s important to not get involved in personal issues with students or their families in a way that could blur professional boundaries.

4. Ensure a Safe, Respectful Classroom Environment

• Create a Respectful Atmosphere: Set the tone in the classroom that all students must interact with each other with respect. Promote a culture where all students feel comfortable, respected, and safe.
• Enforce Class Rules: Make it clear that disrespectful behavior, including flirtation or inappropriate comments, is against the rules and will have consequences.

5. Speak with the Student Privately

• Address the Situation Privately: If a student continues the flirtatious behavior, have a private conversation with the student in a calm, respectful manner. Let them know that their behavior is inappropriate and explain the importance of keeping the teacher-student relationship professional.
• Be Clear, But Compassionate: While it’s important to establish firm boundaries, teachers should also approach the conversation with empathy. The student might be confused about boundaries, or it could be a case of immaturity.

6. Report the Behavior if Necessary

• Follow School Protocols: If the behavior persists or escalates, it’s essential to follow the school’s protocol for dealing with such situations. This might include reporting the behavior to a supervisor, counselor, or school administrator.
• Protecting Yourself and the Student: Teachers should document any incidents of inappropriate behavior to protect themselves and the student. Having a record of the events can be important if the situation becomes more serious.

7. Seek Support or Guidance

• Consult Colleagues or Supervisors: If a teacher is unsure how to handle the situation, they should seek advice from more experienced colleagues, a mentor, or a supervisor.
• Talk to a School Counselor: Sometimes, there may be underlying issues that need to be addressed with the student, such as low self-esteem or seeking attention. A school counselor can be an invaluable resource in these cases.

8. Remain Consistent and Firm

• Consistent Enforcement of Boundaries: It’s crucial to remain consistent in how boundaries are enforced. If flirtatious behavior is allowed to slip by once, it may become harder to address later on.
• Avoid Personal Feelings Influencing Decisions: Teachers should remain impartial and objective. Their interactions with students should never be influenced by personal feelings or emotions.

9. Focus on Professional Development

• Ongoing Training: Teachers should receive regular training on appropriate teacher-student relationships and professional ethics. This helps them navigate difficult situations and ensures that they are always aware of the expectations placed upon them.
• Self-Reflection: Teachers should regularly reflect on their own behavior and ensure that they are upholding professional boundaries at all times.

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By handling flirtatious behavior with professionalism, clear boundaries, and respect, teachers can maintain a positive learning environment while avoiding complications or misunderstandings. It’s vital to remember that teachers are responsible for modeling respectful behavior and maintaining trust with their students.

Balancing work, family life, and personal well-being is a challenge many teachers face

 

Balancing work, family life, and personal well-being is a challenge many teachers face. The role of a teacher is demanding, with long hours and emotional investment, but it's essential to maintain a healthy balance to avoid burnout and nurture relationships with their own family, including their kids. Here are some strategies for teachers to find that balance:

1. Prioritize Time Management

• Set Boundaries for Work and Home: Teachers can establish clear boundaries between school and home life. For example, setting specific work hours at home (e.g., no work after 7 pm) and sticking to them.
• Use a Planner: Keep a schedule that includes both school-related tasks and personal activities, ensuring both are attended to without overlap.
• Plan Ahead for Family Time: Schedule time for family and personal activities just as you would for work tasks. This helps ensure quality family time isn't sacrificed.

2. Learn to Say No

• Don’t Overcommit: Teachers often feel compelled to take on extra responsibilities or work beyond the school hours (such as volunteering for committees or staying late for extra help). Learning to say no or delegate tasks can help avoid overwhelming yourself.
• Avoid Taking Work Home (When Possible): While it’s inevitable that some work must be done outside of school, limit the amount of work you take home. Focus on high-priority tasks and leave less critical work for the next day.

3. Delegate Responsibilities

• Involve Family in Household Tasks: If you have kids, involve them in family chores or activities to share the load and create a sense of teamwork. This can also teach them responsibility.
• Collaborate with Colleagues: Share resources, lesson plans, or responsibilities with fellow teachers to reduce individual workloads.

4. Practice Self-Care

• Make Time for Yourself: Teachers should carve out moments for self-care, whether it’s reading a book, exercising, or doing something that recharges them. Taking care of yourself helps you remain patient, focused, and energized for both your students and your family.
• Relax and Unwind: Take regular breaks throughout the day, especially during long teaching hours, to rest and reset.
• Seek Emotional Support: Teaching is emotionally demanding. Talk to colleagues, mentors, or counselors about challenges you face in balancing your professional and personal life.

5. Involve Your Family in Your Work

• Share Your Passion with Your Kids: If your kids are old enough, involve them in your teaching experiences. Share stories from your day and teach them about the value of education. This can help bridge the gap between work and home life and create shared understanding.
• Invite Family to School Events: If your children are of school age, invite them to participate in school events, making it easier to merge your work and personal life in a meaningful way.
• Create Family-Friendly Routines: If you have young children, try establishing routines that allow time for both school and family activities, ensuring your kids don’t feel neglected.

6. Use Technology to Your Advantage

• Digital Tools for Efficiency: Use digital tools like grading software, scheduling apps, and communication platforms to streamline your work, allowing you to spend more time at home.
• Set Time for Family Tech Time: Designate times when both you and your kids can enjoy technology together, whether that’s watching a movie, playing games, or connecting with family members remotely.

7. Be Present at Home

• Engage Fully in Family Time: When you’re at home, try to be mentally and emotionally present with your family. Set aside your work-related worries and focus on your kids, spouse, or family.
• Quality Over Quantity: Even if you don’t have long hours to spend with your family, make the time you do have meaningful by engaging in activities that foster connection, like playing games, having dinner together, or simply talking about your day.

8. Set Realistic Expectations

• Accept That You Can’t Do Everything: Understand that it’s impossible to give 100% to every role all the time. Accept that balancing work and family may require compromises and flexibility.
• Celebrate Small Wins: Recognize and celebrate when you manage to balance work and family effectively, even if it’s just for a short period. This can motivate you to continue making progress.

9. Support System

• Lean on Your Partner or Family: When possible, rely on your spouse, partner, or extended family to help with household or childcare duties during busy times, like report card season or during school events.
• Reach Out to Your School Community: Teachers often find it helpful to share experiences with one another. Many schools have teacher support groups or networks to offer emotional or practical support.

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Balancing work as a teacher and being there for your own children requires thoughtful planning, flexibility, and support. By managing time, setting boundaries, and practicing self-care, teachers can maintain their own well-being while still being present for both their students and family.

A teacher as an inspiration for students

 

A teacher as an inspiration for students is one of the most impactful roles a teacher can have. When teachers inspire their students, they spark curiosity, foster a love for learning, and empower students to reach their potential. Here’s how teachers can serve as a source of inspiration:

1. Leading by Example

• Passion for the Subject: Teachers who are passionate about their subject matter can ignite a similar passion in their students. When students see their teacher’s enthusiasm, they are more likely to be engaged and curious.
• Work Ethic and Perseverance: Teachers who demonstrate commitment, dedication, and hard work serve as role models, showing students the value of persistence and resilience.

2. Encouraging a Growth Mindset

• Emphasizing Effort Over Perfection: Inspirational teachers help students understand that mistakes are part of the learning process. They focus on growth, learning, and improvement rather than just results.
• Fostering Belief in Abilities: Teachers inspire confidence in students, showing them that with effort and perseverance, they can achieve their goals, regardless of setbacks or challenges.

3. Supporting Personal and Emotional Growth

• Building Confidence: An inspiring teacher builds students’ self-esteem by offering praise, encouragement, and constructive feedback.
• Caring for Students' Well-being: Inspirational teachers are attentive to students’ emotional needs, offering support during difficult times and promoting mental and emotional resilience.

4. Motivating Students to Dream Big

• Helping Students See Possibilities: Teachers inspire students to think beyond their current circumstances and envision a future filled with opportunities.
• Sharing Stories of Success: Inspirational teachers often share stories of people who have overcome challenges and achieved greatness, showing students that success is attainable for anyone, no matter their background.

5. Cultivating Curiosity and Passion for Learning

• Encouraging Exploration: Inspirational teachers encourage students to ask questions, explore new ideas, and pursue their passions, making learning an exciting and dynamic experience.
• Connecting Learning to Real Life: By making lessons relevant to the real world, teachers inspire students to see the value in what they’re learning and how it applies to their own lives and future careers.

6. Instilling Strong Values and Morals

• Teaching by Example: Inspirational teachers often instill values such as integrity, kindness, responsibility, and respect through their actions and words, helping students develop a strong moral compass.
• Promoting Social Responsibility: By encouraging students to think about their role in society and the impact they can have on the world, teachers inspire them to become compassionate and active citizens.

7. Encouraging Creativity and Innovation

• Supporting Unique Ideas: Teachers who encourage creative thinking and innovative problem-solving inspire students to take risks and think outside the box.
• Celebrating Diverse Talents: Inspirational teachers recognize the value of different talents, whether in the arts, sciences, sports, or humanities, and help students appreciate their unique strengths.

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An inspiring teacher not only imparts knowledge but also shapes the hearts and minds of students, motivating them to become better individuals and lifelong learners. This inspiration often extends far beyond the classroom, influencing students' lives and their future endeavors.

teacher as a compass for students

 

The idea of a teacher as a compass for students is a powerful metaphor. A compass provides direction, guidance, and a sense of purpose, which are essential roles a teacher plays in the educational journey. Here's how teachers can embody this role:

1. Guiding Students Toward Their Goals

• Setting a Vision: Just like a compass points toward a specific direction, a teacher helps students identify their strengths, aspirations, and potential paths.
• Providing Clear Direction: Teachers guide students in setting realistic, achievable goals and show them the steps needed to reach them.
• Inspiring Motivation: Teachers encourage students to stay focused, even when challenges arise, helping them navigate through difficulties with perseverance.

2. Offering Moral and Ethical Guidance

• Instilling Values: A teacher, like a compass, can help students understand the importance of core values such as integrity, respect, and empathy.
• Making Informed Decisions: Teachers can provide advice on how to make ethical choices in both academic and personal life, helping students stay on course when faced with moral dilemmas.

3. Providing Emotional and Mental Support

• Being a Source of Stability: In times of stress or uncertainty, a teacher can be a reliable figure, offering emotional support and helping students cope with challenges.
• Encouraging Self-Discovery: Teachers help students explore their own identity and passions, guiding them toward personal growth and self-confidence.

4. Encouraging Exploration and Curiosity

• Broadening Horizons: A compass is used to explore new territories; similarly, teachers encourage students to explore new ideas, subjects, and skills.
• Fostering Curiosity: Teachers nurture a love for learning, encouraging students to ask questions and seek knowledge beyond the classroom.

5. Helping Navigate the AI and Technology Era

• Teaching Critical Skills: In the AI era, teachers guide students toward essential skills such as digital literacy, critical thinking, and adaptability.
• Being a Steady Influence in a Digital World: As technology rapidly evolves, teachers help students navigate the challenges and opportunities it presents, ensuring they stay grounded in their educational journey.

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A teacher as a compass also implies being a consistent and supportive presence who helps students find their own way, while providing them with the tools, knowledge, and confidence to face the future. This metaphor emphasizes the importance of guidance and mentorship in a student's life.

School education serves multiple purposes

 

School education serves multiple purposes, shaping individuals and society as a whole. Here are the key purposes of school education:

1. Knowledge & Cognitive Development

• Provides foundational literacy and numeracy skills.
• Teaches critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity.
• Introduces science, technology, history, and the arts to develop a well-rounded mind.

2. Preparation for Future Careers

• Equips students with academic and vocational skills needed for future jobs.
• Helps students develop AI-related competencies for the evolving job market.
• Encourages entrepreneurial and digital skills for independent career paths.

3. Character Building & Values Education

• Instills moral values, discipline, empathy, and integrity.
• Encourages respect for diversity, teamwork, and social responsibility.
• Helps students develop self-confidence and emotional intelligence.

4. Socialization & Citizenship

• Teaches students how to collaborate, communicate, and work in teams.
• Prepares individuals to be responsible citizens in a democratic society.
• Promotes civic engagement, environmental awareness, and global citizenship.

5. Adaptation to Technological & AI Era

• Introduces students to AI-powered learning tools and digital literacy.
• Prepares them for lifelong learning in a rapidly changing world.
• Encourages ethical and responsible use of technology.

6. Personal Growth & Lifelong Learning

• Helps students discover their interests, talents, and passions.
• Encourages a mindset of curiosity, self-improvement, and innovation.
• Supports mental and physical well-being through sports, arts, and extracurricular activities.

several major barriers to becoming a good teacher,

 

There are several major barriers to becoming a good teacher, especially in the AI era and within the Indonesian education system. Here are some key challenges:

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1. Lack of Digital Literacy & AI Skills

• Many teachers are not familiar with AI tools, digital platforms, and online learning management systems.
• Fear of technology and reluctance to integrate AI into teaching.
• Limited training opportunities for teachers to develop AI-related competencies.

2. Resistance to Change

• Traditional teaching methods are still dominant.
• Teachers may feel uncomfortable shifting to student-centered, AI-assisted learning approaches.
• Concerns that AI might replace teachers rather than support them.

3. Insufficient Infrastructure & Resources

• Many schools, especially in rural areas, lack internet access, devices, and AI-powered educational tools.
• Limited government funding for technological upgrades.
• Unequal access to AI-related training programs across different regions.

4. Overloaded Curriculum & Administrative Burden

• Teachers are often overburdened with administrative work, leaving little time for innovation in teaching.
• Curriculum requirements may not yet include AI-related skills and competencies.
• Pressure to meet national exam standards can limit creative and AI-based teaching approaches.

5. Student Readiness & Engagement

• Some students struggle with self-directed learning, which is essential in AI-assisted education.
• Socioeconomic gaps affect students’ access to technology at home.
• Digital distractions and lack of focus when using AI-powered tools.

6. Lack of Policy & Clear Guidelines

• Education policies on AI integration in teaching are still evolving.
• No standardized AI competency framework for future teachers.
• Ethical concerns about AI, such as data privacy and bias in AI-powered education tools.

Being a good teacher

 

Being a good teacher requires a combination of skills, mindset, and continuous learning. Here are some key aspects:

1. Master Your Subject Matter

• Stay updated with the latest knowledge in your field.
• Relate lessons to real-life examples to make learning engaging.
• Be open to new teaching methods and technologies.

2. Understand Your Students

• Recognize that every student learns differently.
• Adapt your teaching style to cater to various learning needs.
• Show empathy and support for students' challenges.

3. Use Effective Teaching Methods

• Make lessons interactive and engaging.
• Use storytelling, hands-on activities, and technology.
• Encourage critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

4. Foster a Positive Learning Environment

• Create a safe and inclusive classroom.
• Encourage students to express their thoughts and opinions.
• Maintain classroom discipline with respect and fairness.

5. Communicate Effectively

• Be clear and concise when explaining concepts.
• Listen actively to students' concerns and feedback.
• Use encouraging words to boost confidence.

6. Encourage Lifelong Learning

• Show enthusiasm for learning new things yourself.
• Inspire students to be curious and independent learners.
• Introduce AI tools and digital resources to enhance learning.

7. Reflect and Improve

• Seek feedback from students and colleagues.
• Attend workshops, training, and professional development programs.
• Continuously assess and improve your teaching strategies.

The ABCD method

 

The ABCD method is a structured way to write clear and measurable learning objectives. It ensures that objectives include essential elements to guide both instruction and assessment. Here’s how to use the ABCD formula:

1. A - Audience (Who is learning?)

• Identify the learners.
• Example: "Elementary school teachers", "Students in a teacher training program", etc.

2. B - Behavior (What will they do?)

• Use an action verb that is observable and measurable.
• Avoid vague verbs like "understand" or "learn"; instead, use "explain," "demonstrate," "identify," "analyze," etc.
• Example: "Explain the role of AI in education", "Demonstrate how to use AI tools in lesson planning"

3. C - Condition (Under what circumstances?)

• Describe the situation, tools, or resources that will be available.
• Example: "Given an AI-powered teaching assistant", "Using a case study", "With access to an online learning platform"

4. D - Degree (How well should they perform?)

• Define the standard of performance (accuracy, speed, percentage, etc.).
• Example: "With at least 80% accuracy", "Within 10 minutes", "Without errors"

Example Learning Objective Using ABCD

"Given an AI-powered teaching assistant (Condition), pre-service elementary school teachers (Audience) will be able to design an AI-integrated lesson plan (Behavior) with at least 80% alignment to curriculum standards (Degree)."

KSA stands for Knowledge, Skills, and Attitude,

 

In the context of education and competency development, KSA stands for Knowledge, Skills, and Attitude, while affective refers to the emotional and value-based aspects of learning.

Here’s a breakdown of each component:

1. Knowledge (K) – The cognitive domain, which includes facts, concepts, theories, and principles that a person needs to understand and apply.
2. Skills (S) – The psychomotor domain, referring to the ability to perform tasks effectively, including technical and soft skills.
3. Attitude (A) – The affective domain, which includes values, ethics, motivation, and mindset toward learning and work.

Bloom's Taxonomy:

 

Bloom's Taxonomy:

Developed by Benjamin Bloom in 1956, Bloom’s Taxonomy is a hierarchical framework used in education to classify learning objectives. It consists of six cognitive levels, typically represented as a pyramid:

1. Remembering – Recalling facts and basic concepts
2. Understanding – Explaining ideas or concepts
3. Applying – Using information in new situations
4. Analyzing – Drawing connections among ideas
5. Evaluating – Justifying a decision or stance
6. Creating – Producing new work or ideas

This taxonomy helps educators design curricula, assessments, and learning activities that foster higher-order thinking skills.

Dear You

 

Dear You

Dear you, so suddenly deep,
Sleepy waves begin to creep.

It is scary, eyes so tight,
Fighting hard to keep them bright.

You—my thoughts start fading slow,
Drowsy whispers start to grow.

I don’t want to be like this,
Dreams and lessons can’t coexist.

I don’t want to sleep in class,
Let these heavy moments pass.

Help me, please, I beg, I plead,
Wake me up, I’m in great need.

Don’t make me sleepy, not right now,
Focus, mind—please show me how!

27 mar 25 kamis

 

kul pagi

kul siang online

mlm bensin eror

taraweh

eskrim

allahiuaknar

memori jalan ke jiufen w busulis n andi